After School Programs Essay -- Education, Constructivism

This chapter provides a review of the literature related to after school programs. The literature review is organized into the following categories: History of After School Programs, Need for After School Programs, Effectiveness of After School Programs, Frequency and Duration, and Middle School After School Programs. This section also reviews the theoretical framework for this research. Theoretical Framework Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own knowledge of the world we live in (Au & Carrol, 1996). Learning is simply the process of adjusting what we already know to accommodate new experiences. Constructivism can be traced to the eighteenth century and the work of Giambattista (Bhattacharya & Han, 2001). Bhattacharya and Han maintained that humans are able to understand only what they themselves have constructed. Many philosophers and educators have worked with these ideas, but the first to develop a clear idea of what constructivism consists of were Jean Piaget and John Dewey. Von Glaserfield (1990) acknowledged that constructivism means â€Å"knowledge is not passively received.† Piaget (1973) stated that students are not just â€Å"empty heads† that can be filled with facts from packaged curriculum that is given out my teachers. Constructivism does not depend on a standardized curriculum. Instead, it promotes using curriculum customized to the students’ prior knowledge. Also, it emphasizes real world problem solving, experiments, reasoning and communication (Au & Carrol , 1997). Constructivism gives students the power to make connections, reformulate ideas, and reach conclusions (Brewer & Daane, 2002). After school programs often focus on teac... ...ved in 21st Century Community Learning Centers. The evaluation revealed that programs had difficulty recruiting and retaining young teens, and those that did participate attended inconsistently. The middle school students were less likely to participate in academic classes and more likely to be involved in recreation activities. Beth Miller (2003) stated that after school programs serving middle school children, must keep students engaged in the program by a variety of popular and engaging activities. She further noted that after-school programs are successful when participants have motivation to achieve academically. In summary, middle school learners benefit from frequent participation in quality after school programs that increase engagement in learning, provide a variety of recreational activities, and build key skills necessary for academic success.

Blackness and The Black Experience

The experience of being black, like the experience of having any other skin color, is left wide open to the personal viewpoint of the individual. Still, with the black race, there is a legacy of being forcibly removed from their homeland and enslaved, and this legacy probably affects the outlook of every black person in some way. In the ancient world, an individual with â€Å"black† skin was not considered inferior. The Greeks, for example, did not regard skin color as an impediment to coordination in social order. They instead judged a man based on his integrity, his word, and his ability. â€Å"What is blackness? † â€Å"What is the black experience? Blackness is defined as the property of being black in color, but that is a raw definition that has no context in human experience. While the ancients seemed to have little or no problem with color, the idea of race difference has been a struggle for modern societies everywhere. Scholar W. E. B. Du Bois calls it â€Å"the problem of the twentieth century. † Du Bois contends that the supposed ugliness exists fundamentally in the psyches of the cutting edge spectators. What that means to me is that, whatever prejudices may exist in the minds of leaders then translates to the attitudes, and more critically the laws, of everyday citizens. In England color turned into the premise of segregation. In the United States, the institution of slavery was the central argument in a states’ rights debate that erupted into the bloodiest war of the 19th century. Even after the Civil War, racial segregation, violence, the KKK, and the struggle for equality marred the next one hundred years. How black people perceive their own â€Å"blackness† today, as opposed to 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, is sure to be different. Blackness must have a completely different meaning in 2013. In fact, the very word â€Å"black† is no longer used as often, having been replaced with â€Å"African-American. † The idea of â€Å"blackness† must have made drastic leaps for the better when this country elected a black president. This is a sharp contrast to the self-image blacks had during the years of slavery (in this country and others, including their own native continent). As the decades pass, one would hope that the legacy of slavery, mistreatment, bigotry, and inequality has waned, and become a historical acknowledgement rather than an influencing factor in the psyche of modern individual blacks in the world. I believe that this trend will continue. In dealing with the black people I know, I don’t hear them talking about being mistreated or discriminated against as much as what I’ve read about in our country’s history. Black people seemed to be more present in prestigious jobs and government positions. At least in America, black people are being given more and more opportunity, and society continues to try and fulfill its promise of equality and equal protection. If this continues, I hope that the idea of â€Å"blackness† is one of promise, hope and pride, and not despair.

Night And To Kill A Mockingbird - 1948 Words

Famous political philosopher William Godwin once stated, â€Å"No man knows the value of innocence and integrity but he who has lost them† (qtd. in â€Å"William Godwin Quotes†). Both To Kill a Mockingbird and Night involve the main characters losing their innocence after being exposed to prejudice and racism, major themes in both books. Elie Wiesel published Night, twelve years after the Holocaust, in 1960. This book, a memoir of the Holocaust, was written from the author’s point of view after their experiences in the horrific time. In Night, Elie, a young boy, loses his innocence after staying in several concentration camps, and being exposed to murder, prejudice, and sadism. Throughout the book, Elie experiences traumatic events, such as†¦show more content†¦Scout and Elie both witness prejudice in each of the books. After the case is heard, Judge Taylor tallies the jury’s votes: I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: â€Å"Guilty†¦ guilty†¦ guilty†¦ guilty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each â€Å"guilty† was a separate stab between them. Judge Taylor was saying something. His gavel was in his fist, but he wasn’t using it. Dimly, I saw Atticus pushing papers from the table into his briefcase. He snapped it shut, went to the court reporter and said something, nodded to Mr. Gilmer, and then went to Tom Robinson and whispered something to him. Atticus put his hand on Tom’s shoulder as he whispered. Atticus took his coat off the back of his chair and pulled it over his shoulder. Then he left the courtroom, but not by his usual exit. He must have wanted to go home the short way, because he walked quickly down the middle aisle toward the south exit. I followed the top of his head as he made his way to the door. He did not look up. (L ee 282; pt 2, ch 21) The jury all knew exactly what they were doing when they declared Tom guilty. Everybody in the jury could tell he did no wrong, but said he was guilty because they refused to side with a black man. Scout sees obvious discrimination against Tom Robinson, because at the time segregation was common, and Maycomb was not a quite progressive county, being in the south. After the Hungarian police went to theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Night, And Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee And Night By Elie Wiesel1392 Words   |  6 Pages Compare and Contrast: Night and To Kill a Mockingbird There have been many novels over the years that have sparked conversations about human rights. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Night by Elie Wiesel are two novels that have done just that. Night depicts a firsthand account of the horrors the Jewish people faced during the Holocaust. A similar story is told in To Kill a Mockingbird with the plights of African Americans in the south. Although these novels take place over duringRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis788 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Remember, it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird,† (Lee 119). In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, this is the quote that Atticus, one of the main characters, says to his kids. Atticus is a lawyer who takes on a tough case in his town, Maycomb. His kids are Scout, and Jem. Throughout the book, they grow and mature. They don’t mess around with their neighbor, Boo, as much as they used to. But, luckily because of him, they live to see the next day. In To Kill a Mockingbird, it shows that because ofRead MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In 1960, Harper Lee published her critically acclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiencesRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Theme Analysis1398 Words   |  6 Pagessomething close to us is the key to growing up, and Scout, the protagonist in To Kill A Mockingbird, is one of those characters. Scout and several other characters in the novel lose their innocence as they begin to see the prejudice and racism of the 1930’s South. All of these characters were innocent and unaware of what Maycomb was, and their innocence was taken away from them because of that. In To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee relates the theme of growing up and loss of innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird, By George W. Bush1376 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is still relevant today To Kill a Mockingbird is a common household name. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says To Kill a Mockingbird is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird helped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush couldn’t have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic,Read MoreLiterature Adds To Reality Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor. This quote, to me, is the most appropriate description of the importance of literature in our lives. Literature reminds us of stories, epics, sacred scriptures and classical works of the ancient and modern times, in which the book To Kill a Mockingbird clearly does. Literature is defined as the body of written works of a language, period or culture, produced by scholars and researchers, specialized in a given field. Why is literature imp ortant? Well, let’s see as stated in the quotation byRead More Symbolism in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesin To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee The mockingbird is a major symbol in the book, To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. Harper Lee chose the mockingbird for both the title of her book and as a symbol in her book. I believe she selected it because the mockingbird is a creature that is loved by all for its singing and mocking, for which it gets its name, and how it never intends to harm anything or anybody. Atticus Finch says to Jem, but remember it?s a sin to kill a mockingbird.? WhereuponRead More Examine the Themes of Innocence and Experience in To Kill a Mockingbird870 Words   |  4 Pagesof Innocence and Experience in To Kill a Mockingbird Innocence is a time when a person has never done something; it is the first step of the journey from innocence to experience. The second step in this movement is experience and this is what is achieved after a person has done something they have never done before or learns something they have never known before. This theme of growth from innocence to experience occurs many times in To Kill a Mockingbird and is one of the central themesRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1244 Words   |  5 PagesWas Atticus Finch was the true hero of To Kill A Mockingbird? Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird narrates the journey of Scout Finch from an immature, feisty, close minded young girl, to a strong, brave and courageous girl that now knows the truth about Boo Radley the towns ‘freak’. Boo Radley is middle aged man who is known as a creep but by the end of the novel they realise that he is a nice man. Scout is the daughter of Maycombs brave and courageous lawyer, Atticus Finch who defends Tom RobinsonRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Critical Analysis1476 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is a popular literary title. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says that the book is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity, and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird hel ped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush could not have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic, with themes that are still relevant in today’s world

Masculinity in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Okonkwo Essay

Things Fall Apart: Okonkwo’s Masculinity The Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a straight to the point story, embedded with interesting elements that capture readers’ attention. In my view, when I read the story, I found many interesting things about the theme of the book. But The Masculinity Okonkwo was what captures my attention. The story opens up to a Traditional Igbo lifestyle, a theme which is highly stylized from its ritual to the actions performed for certain ceremonies. Most of the action Igbo tribe has been an attempt to show respect to the gods, for example, when ikemefuna became sick and his stomach swelled up their traditions says that he take them to the evil forest and kill him. The story also seems to focus on gender,†¦show more content†¦The only thing he (Okonkwo) fears most is not ending up like his father, Unoka. However, Achebe ‘‘makes an insightful comment on the nature of masculinity through his representation of the tribal leaders. Achebe basically, was conducive in cr eating four alter egos of Okonkwo: one of which were the masculinity; next of his fatherly abilities; and the last of his family progress and four of his likelihood of success’’ (Achebe.179). My paper will explain how Okonkwo’s Masculinity from Achebe’s Things Fall Apart will be characterized by his fears, beliefs, and emotions for several reasons. The first reason is the fears of Okonkwo’s Masculinity, in the story Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo masculinity is characterized by his fear of becoming like his father. Even though, Okonkwo’s father (Unoka) was a talented musician, he was still known for his laziness and irresponsible by Okonkwo. Since Unoka bad reputation was known for his failure to pay his debt, which brings shame to his family. However, he (Unoka) did not intentionally want to disgrace his family, he just does not find any interest in the works and titles but leisure’s, parties, and music. Unoka does not like to do anythin g, but play his flute. Because of his bad reputation, along with his fear of blood and warfare combined with his laziness and his massive unpaid debts and his nearly starving family marks himShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThe Struggle Between Tradition and Change1056 Words   |  5 PagesENGL 2112 October 17, 2012 In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is taken on a literary journey to a Nigerian tribe, the Umuofia, to experience first-hand the struggles of a warrior named Okonkwo. At first glance, the novel appears to be written for a very specific audience: scholars familiar with Nigerian history, traditions, and culture. However, upon further examination the novel reveals itself to be a striking chronicle of human experiences, universal themes, and timelessRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1129 Words   |  5 PagesCarlos Gomez once stated, â€Å"So many men in this world (are) living in this sort of quiet desperation, confined in this box of toxic masculinity.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, some characters are the epitome of this toxic masculinity. Things Fall Apart shows the dimension of both Igbo people and culture, while highlighting the tale of a tragic hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo’s rise to glory was demonstrated by his humble beginnings and eye for prosperity. However, abundant cultural differencesRead MoreIb English Written Task993 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis: Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe Part of the course to which the task refers: Part 3: Literature – text and context Key Points: †¢ Define masculinity in Okonkwo’s viewpoint †¢ Explore how Okonkwo never shows his emotions because of fear †¢ Describe the struggle of Okonkwo’s strength †¢ Discuss the importance of Okonkwo’s reputation of Umuofia †¢ Explain why Okonkwo emphasized on his masculinity Critical Response In Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, interpretationsRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1069 Words   |  5 PagesThings Fall Apart was written by a Nigerian man named Chinua Achebe in 1958, with the intentions of fully exploiting the truth and creating a new perspective about African culture. Seeing as though Achebe lived through the colonization of the Igbo people, he was able to write without stereotyping Africans and European people. Achebe purposefully wrote this novel in English instead of Igbo language because he wanted the perspective shared across Europe to defeat previously construed beliefs of theRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1636 Words   |  7 PagesThings Fall Apart was written in 1958 by the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Things Fall Apart follows the life of Okonkwo and his village of Umuofia and how everything changes as Christian missionaries come to spread the word of God. Chinua Achebe wrote this novel using stories and tal es he heard growing up that were based on true events. Chinua Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart because he wanted to people to understand and see what indigenous Africa was like before the missionaries came. He wantedRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesChinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, explores the complicated journey of the protagonist Okonkwo, an influential clan leader within the Nigerian village of Umuofia, and the struggles he encounters as a result of white colonist infiltration. Prior to the arrival of the colonist forces, Okonkwo is an individual that prides himself on his masculinity and success; living in direct contrast to his father Unoka, a r ather lazy and cowardice man, as a result of a sense of shame he endures from his father’sRead MoreThings Fall Apart Character Analysis1130 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially his women) he was not really a man† (Chinua Achebe 53). This quote from Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart demonstrates the power of men as it is presented throughout the novel. Things Fall Apart is the story of Okonkwo’s struggles in society, and his search for power throughout his life. During his exile, cultures clash and chaos erupts in the Igbo village. Okonkwo’s father, his exile in Mbanta, and the roles of men in society urged Okonkwo to gain power over others, and enhanced Achebe’sRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe942 Words   |  4 Pages In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the Igbo tribe in Africa bases their people’s social status and everyday life on gender. Women are expected to be submissive and thought to be weaker compared to their male counterparts. Men on the other hand are thought of as strong and must live up to the expectations of the clan. There are several instances in the book that strongly emphasize the masculine roles in the Ibo tribe’s society. Throughout the book, Okonkwo’s extreme views on masculinity gains

Angelina Jolie Essay - 1395 Words

The Charitable and Humanitarian Angelina Jolie Angelina Jolie is among the most followed female celebrities and actresses globally. She is best known for her role in blockbusters Salt and Maleficent and she is famous for her connection with another actor called Brad Pitt. She was born in Los Angeles California on the 4th of June 1975 (Angelina Jolie Sources). Her acting career began in the HBO movie Gia before receiving an Academy honor for her role of a supporting actress for Girl. Angelina is one of the Hollywoods top marquee performance having featured in films, such as Changeling, Mr. And Mis. Smith, Wanted, and Salt earning recognition for her leading role in the latter (Angelina Julie Sources). Angelina Julie had†¦show more content†¦In 2007, she put up a brilliant act in her role in the film A Mighty Heart where she was featured as Mariane Pearl, an expectant wife to an abducted Wall Street Journal employee Danny Pearl. Angelina Jolie in Humanitarian Efforts Angelina is a devoted humanitarian, and her efforts saw her being appointed the goodwill ambassador for the United Nations Refugee Agency in the year 2001. She has been in the news headlines for her efforts to help refugees in Jordan, Darfur, and Cambodia among others. Moreover, in 2015, she received an award acknowledging her activities in helping refugees. She was awarded by the global body United Nations. Marriage Life and Health Angelina Jolie has been known to have off-screen romances that have elicited reactions from different factions. For instance, the actress has been married three times. Her first wedding was in 1995 to her co-star in the movie Hacker called Jonny Lee Miller. They divorced in 1995. In the followed year, she married Billy Bob Thornton, another famous actor, but ended up divorcing in 2003. She met Brad Pitt in 2004 when featuring in the film â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. Smith.† At that time, Mr. Pitt was a married man, but his affair with Angelina halted his marriage. Angelina later ended up getting married to Brad Pitt in 2012. More interesting is her decision to have a mastectomy done to remove her breasts for fear of carrying a gene that causes both ovarian and breast cancer (KamenovaShow MoreRelatedThe Similarities between Angelina Jolie and Beowulf Essay822 Words   |  4 Pagesothers and do their best to create a change in the world. Beowulf, an extraordinary warrior in the Anglo Sa xon period, is an epic hero because of his pride, strength and courage. He fought many battles in order to protect the Danes from chaos. Angelina Jolie, like Beowulf, is a hero because she defeats every impediment to help and fight against inequality. Heroes do not wait still in one place. Heroes step beyond frontiers to provide hope and help to those who have none. Heroes even makeRead MoreThe Humanitarian Work of Angelina Jolie2585 Words   |  11 Pagesmovement first started by Jackie Coogan in the 1920s (Babkenian, 2011), celebrity humanitarianism is becoming increasingly more popular with names such as Bono, Oprah Winfrey, and Angelina Jolie serving as modern day examples of celebrities who are involved with humanitarian works. Of these â€Å"humanitarian celebrity’s,† Angelina Jolie, who is heavily involved in humanitarian work around the globe, has a great amount of criticism and praise for her work. Along side Brad Pitt, she has seen increasing popularityRead MoreWho Will Light The Candles When Mother s Gone?1008 Words   |  5 Pagesthey socially grow up in. It s who their friends are and what they see at school, in stores and TV. The children in these families are often living in two worlds, trying to resonate and connect one with another, usually without much success. In this essay, he loves his mother dearly and he has a deep sense of appreciation for her rituals and the various aspects of her Vietnamese origins, yet he cannot force himself to personally identify with it. As such, his relationship with his mother became a struggleRead MoreFeatures Of Writing A Review At A Professional Standard2023 Words   |  9 Pages Regardless of the object being reviewed, there are a number of essential features of writing a review at a professional standard. This essay will examine each of those features with reference to two reviews of films which explore a specific theme. Firstly, however, the meaning of the term ‘professional standard’ must be established. There are standards that all professions must follow. These are to do with ethics and values. At the very least, standardsRead MoreA Comparison of the Establishment of Genre and Narrative in Two Crime Films2370 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison of the Establishment of Genre and Narrative in Two Crime Films In this essay I will compare how genre and narrative are established in 2 crime films. The main iconography of this genre is fairly easy to identify; props such as guns, latex gloves, sirens, rain are used frequently in Hollywood crime films such as Se7en (1995). The conventions of this genre are also fairly easy to recognise: detectives with long trench coats, the killer being the least likely Read MoreCelebrities Provide Poor Role Models for Children1044 Words   |  5 PagesCelebrities provide poor role models for children. The purpose of this essay is to discuss celebrity role models and their influence positively or negatively on children. Throughout the world celebrities are role models to many people. Nauta and Kokaly (1999) define role models as â€Å"other person’s who, either by exerting some influence or simply by being admirable in one or more ways, have an impact on another†. In these modern times of excessive media coverage and the easy access of the WorldRead MoreWhat Makes Celebrity Worship?1488 Words   |  6 PagesTroy Howard Essay 1 Nesbitt 9/12/15 Stop Following Celebrities! Everyone has that one friend who is head over heels in love with a celebrity. They will always follow them and say that a celebrity is their hero; but there is a serious difference between a hero and a celebrity. The people who seem like they can’t stop following a celebrity or can’t tell the difference between following a celebrity or hero might have celebrity worship syndrome. This is a real psychological disorder of the brain. AccordingRead MoreAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media s Influence2238 Words   |  9 Pagesform their own opinions and ideas, whether if it’s a political analysis, sports or technology, they look up to these talking heads to tell them how they should feel on their respective subject matter. New Avenues for the Study of Agenda Setting This essay highlights three areas of study that have undergone growth during the last few years and best represent the trend of applying the dynamics of agenda setting to a broader swath of participants in the policy process. (Eissler, 2014, p. 71) It talksRead MoreThe Taliban Regime in Afghanistan: The Story of Malala Yousafzai1504 Words   |  7 Pageseducation of every child†- Malala Yousafzai Many people thought that Malala would have backed down after being shot and seeing how the Taliban could find her except, it only made her stronger and she is still trying to change the future. Like Angelina Jolie said â€Å"The only thing that the Taliban accomplished that day was to make a young girl stronger than she was before†. So, Malala continued to do many speeches in places like Buckingham Palace to Harvard University to the Whitehouse to a small schoolRead MoreBirth Of A Natural Birth Experience1561 Words   |  7 Pagesdelivering babies naturally without pain medications. We have survived as a species for this long this way. We were designed to birth without pain medications, so why is it that today it is more common to use the drugs than to deliver naturally? In this essay I will discuss the different arguments for mothers to consider an all-natural birth experience. For thousands of years women delivered their babies at home with midwives. Midwives are just women helping women give birth. It was as simple as that for

Policy Changes and The Communication

Policy communication for sustainable plan The policy and procedure developed by the company has to be communicated with the members, as this will help in implementing the process in the right manner. Communication is required for informing the changes that needs to be made in the production activities. In this process, the strategy adopted for communicating with the internal and external members has to be different. The procedure that would be adopted for implementing the policy change has to be decided and implemented in the right manner. For this, the changes will be presented to the members and the feedback from the respective members will be taken by the company. This has been done with an intention of implementing the required changes that will be useful for improving the quality of services that has been proposed to be provided to the clients and the stakeholders (Dhondt et al., 2001). Communication with the individuals and groups In order to implement the change in the policy, it is essential to communicate the changes with the individuals and groups. The method that is selected for interacting with the members include adoption of different methods like Presentations - Through presentation the company will be able to include the necessary information and interact with the members and others who are associated with the company. In this process, it is possible to include Flyers for notice for suppliers and others in this method, the experts ensure to adopt and implement the right strategies through which the required information can be communicated with the members. for this, the necessary changes and details have to be implemented in the process. Key personal within the company and the technical experts The key personal for the company are the managers and the stakeholders for the organization. In this case, an effort has been made to prove the users with the accurate information that will help in making the right decision. Technical experts are the managers of the production departments and the designers who are involved in the process of decision making and production activities. Sustainable policy The sustainable policy is meant to help the clients and the stakeholders to get the accurate information that is required for assuring the tasks is being done in the right manner. for this, the changes have to be done and the same has to be intimated to the members. the staffs needs to be information and trained for the new changes. Activities and training program In this method, the staffs are provided with the information that is necessary for implementing the changes. this will help in amending the changes and introducing the policies that will improve the productivity. Promotional tools It includes marketing and other promotional activities through which the changes can be amended. It also includes communicating with the members through videos and newsletters. In this process, the required information is included so that the users will be able to understand the contents. Communication strategy Such personal play a key role in the management decision and thus, it is essential to get an approval from the members. This is done with an intention of analysing the changes that would take place due to the introduction of a new system into the management. For this, the details of the plan need to be explained to the members. This will help in increasing the confidence and enable the company to make the necessary changes that is considered to be essential for improving the quality of the services that will improve the profit earnings ratio for the company. The communication strategy includes informing the right information related to the policy that will be useful for the company. In this process, the communication has to be direct and effective and this will help in making the people understand the relevance about the policy change. In this case, the outcome related to the policy change can be measured through the implementation of the feedback system. The managers and others are involved in the feedback system. Through this method, an attempt is made to analyse the impact of the changes that needs to be implemented for improving the quality of the policy changes. In order to implement the changes, the policy strategy needs to be analysed. This has to be done with an intention of finding the benefits that are associated with the procedure that has been planned to be implemented by the company. Apart from this, the changes in terms of production activities, and other factors will have to be analysed. This will help the management to make the essential changes that will be useful for the company. The areas where the changes have to be made have to be analysed and the same has to be interacted with the concerned members. Such a factor will help in increasing the understanding the challenges that is faced by the members at the time of implementing the changes (Goudswaard et al., 2006). Desired and expected outcomes Policy change has been introduced by the company with an intention of increasing the goodwill and brand image for the company. In this case, the challenges that are faced by the organization have to be analysed. In this process the changes that are intended to be introduced by the company needs to be communicated with the staffs, stakeholders and others who are associated with the organization. The details related to the changes that are intended to be introduced by the company have to be communicated to the members through different promotional activities. The policy change can be informed to the concerned authorities through whom the official website and the letter head. This will directly informal the clients about the changes that needs to be made by the company and the important factors that will be changed through the process. The reason for communicating the changes that has been proposed to be introduced through the promotional and other activities is to inform the clients about the changes that need to be made by the company. In this process, it is the responsibility of the staffs to inform the right details to the clients. This will help in increasing the confidence between the stakeholders and the management. In this process, it is necessary to share the right information with the clients as this will help in increasing the goodwill for the company. The communication method has to be effective, fast, and reliable. This will help in providing the accurate information that will state that steps that will be followed for making the changes (Leede et al., 2007). References Dhondt, S., Kraan, K.O. and Sloten, G. van, Eurofound, Work organisation, technology and working conditions, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2001, available online at: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/htmlfiles/ef0205.htm. Goudswaard, A., Houtman, I.L.D., Jettinghof, K., Kuipers, B., Osinga, D.S.C., Ruijs, P.A.J., Savenije, W.M. and Schoenmaker, N., Road transport working time directive: Self-employed and night time provisions, Hoofddorp, TNO Quality of Life, 2006. Leede, J. de, Huiskamp, R., Oeij, P., Nauta, A., Goudswaard, A. and Kwakkelstein, T., Negotiating individual employment relations: Evidence from four Dutch organisations, Work organisation and social challenges (Organisation du travail et enjeux sociaux), Interventions conomiques, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2007. Marr B, 2006, Strategic Performance Management, Elsevier Ltd., 1st Edition.

Reckless People Essays - English-language Films, Films, Road Movies

Reckless People Into the wild is more morbidly fascinating than anything else. It is a journey into the psyche of a young man who, with seemingly all of the advantages that late Twentieth Century America can arm one with, decides to disappear into the flotsam of the country playing the part of an enlightened hobo (he takes the moniker 'Supertramp' as a way to christen his new identity). When I read I this book I was infuriated with Chris McCandless. It is normal to want to create a reality where it is you versus them. Who wants to work forty plus hours a week for a boss who would just as soon fire you so that he or she could keep their indoor pool heated during the winter? Who would want that really? No one. But that is where discipline comes in. This is what Chris lacked... I went on and on this tangent. And for the most part I believed it. I honestly felt that Chris was a coward and an egotist. Chris McClandiss is thought by some to be an idealistic reckless youth. First off all, Why, I asked, would Chris take photos of himself if he planned to rough it for the sake of roughing it? Are photos not for the benefit of others to shuffle through while nodding in amazement? You really killed a moose and ate it? Wow! I saw Chris as a poseur. Chris' death is tragic and there is considerable talk of the waste of potential due to a 'lack of respect for the power of mother nature.' Perhaps this is true (McNamee). Perhaps if Chris emerged from those woods, gaunt, weakened, and wise, he would write a great American novel that would touch the masses and remind us all of our connection to the land. Most likely Chris would leave the woods and write a book, as his expressed an intent to do, that would be published by a small press and read only by his close friends and family. Chris would continue his pattern of a few months in society followed by an exodus into the unknown. His amazing tales would be told over beers and a dishful of nuts but the rest of us wou ld never know of Alex Supertramp. Chris died and that is what gives his story the emotion that makes a bestseller. And being a bestseller, we are here talking about it. And because we talk, some of us will learn. And that is the point, isn't it? Yes, it is safer to live by the rules our fathers and mothers laid down (a reader). Yes, it is wiser to wait until your body and mind are strong enough for a challenge until you drop yourself into it. But for some people, people like Chris; to live by the rules is a slow and painful death. Chris lived the life he loved and died for it. Second of all, McClandiss is thought by some to be an idealistic reckless youth. He seems to be searching for the truth and reality of his humanity, to kill the false beast within. McClandiss's decisions are based on his revolt against the excessiveness of American Society. Others fulminated that he was a reckless idiots, a wacko, a narcissist who perished out of arrogance and stupidity- and was undeserving of the considerable media attention he received (Krakauer 3). He is a later version of what the Hippies attempted when they left middle class society to live off the land. McClandiss said that he hoped to, fix all that was wrong with my life. When he is found frozen to death in an old bus no one is certain if his death was intentional or a mistake (Smith). A person like Chris McCandless who has everything in the world is still unsatisfied on what is around him. He has family, money and a great education that will soon be his great future but he thinks that everything related to we alth is sinful. Chris made a journey to search for the true meaning of life and escaped it pressures. He also tried to travel by using his instincts in life by living naturally without other's aide. Whereas